Essay on The Effects of Imperialism - 1278 Words

NAME DATE PERIOD ESSAY DBQ: Effects of Imperialism AP WORLD HISTORY Document-Based Question: Effects of Imperialism Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1- 13 (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.) This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents. Uses all or all but one of the documents. Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible. Does not simply summarize the documents individually. Takes into account both the sources of the documents and the author’s points of view.†¦show more content†¦. . Document 6 From: Cecil Rhodes, British imperialist in Africa, Confessions of Faith, 1877 I contend that we [Britons] are the finest race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race†¦It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honourable race the world possesses. Document 7 From: Romesh Dutt, The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule Englishmen†¦have given the people of India the greatest human blessing – peace. They have introduced Western education. This has brought an ancient and civilized nation in touch with modern thought, modern sciences and modern life. They have built an administration that is strong and efficient. They have framed wise laws and have established courts of justice. DBQ EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM 3 Document 8 From: German cartoon, entitled Thus colonize the English,† early 20 th century Document 9 From: Rudyard Kipling, â€Å"The White Man’s Burden,† 1899 Take up the White Man’s burden – Send forth the best ye breed – Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild – Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. Document 10 From:Show MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Imperialism884 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism. Noun. A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Imperialism is an age-old practice in which powerful countries will engulf or take over smaller weaker countries to expand their empire. New imperialism has the same idea, but it would have started in the 1870’s and the motive to continue this practice was heavily economic. Imperial powers will expand their empire for many different reasons, the victims or the colonist will make an attemptRead MoreImperialism And Its Effects On Society1513 Words   |  7 PagesWhen a person thinks of Imperialism and its effects what is the first concept they might envision? Slavery? Poverty? The empire that covered the world? One might think of men in power or men as the forefront of every decision. While those are all logical assumptions, in reality, in a paradisiacal reality they are not comple tely accurate. The ignored onlookers in these disparagements were women. Women are the ones who witness the choices being made, they understand the changes taking place, but wereRead MoreNegative Effects Of Imperialism973 Words   |  4 Pagestoday. America annexed many new and useful lands due to this decision. Imperialism therefore, was justified because it provided protection and food for the developing countries. Imperialism also helped the United States acquire countless amounts of land with an abundance of resources. However, many argue that imperialism was harmful because it caused many people to lose their lives. Imperialism had many positive effects because the United States would protect and help the developing countriesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Imperialism850 Words   |  4 Pages Imperialism is defined as the policy when a powerful nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. Imperialism was mostly devised because of the nationalistic feelings that the industrial revolution produced. In my opinion, imperialism has had both good and harmful effects on the world. In some ways, it has brought modernization to countries that were stuck in their old ways. In some cases, I believe it would have been better to leave these countries alone, butRead MoreNegative Effects of Imperialism1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dark Side of Imperialism Imagine for a moment that you are a fourteen-year old boy and belong to the Ibo tribe in Nigeria, Africa. Your father is a yam farmer and holds an important tribal position in your clan. Your mother is one of five wives to your father, all of whom treat him with respect and serve his every need. You are content with your life and your future looks promising. Your days consist of aiding your father in farming his crops and learning the culture and traditions of yourRead MoreNegative Effects Of Imperialism1139 Words   |  5 Pagesevents are talked about. That just shows what imperialism causes. Imperialism is when a dominant country seeks to increase their size and forces (either by war or diplomacy) a smaller country to submit to their rule. The Age of Imperialism began in the 1870s and went until World War 1. During this time imperialism was very prevalent and the events that took place during this time had lasting effects and still affect us to this day. While imperialism could b e seen as beneficial, especially to theRead MoreImperialism And Its Effects On America860 Words   |  4 Pages Imperialism is the acquisition of new territories by a state and the incorporation of these territories into a political system as subordinate colonies (Tignor G-12). Under imperialism, stronger nations attempt to create empires by governing fragile nations; economically, politically, culturally, or military. The reason why this imperialism grew in Africa and Asia was because of economic factors, nationalist factors, military factors, and humanist factors. Not everyone agreed with imperialism, theRead MoreThe Effect Of Imperialism And Nationalism1092 Words   |  5 Pages The effects of imperialism and nationalism brought the world into an unenviable position during the early 1900 s. Colonies began to revolt against their rulers and left civilian unrest behind. The people began to question and change different structures of governments. Wars began to brew amongst nations and revolutions sparked. These events, however, remain far from inconsequential to modern day societies. Certain aspects, specifically, Gandhi s non-violent resistance, Karl Marx s The CommunistRead MoreEffects of imperialism in Asia.1840 Words   |  8 PagesWhat impact did Western imperialism and colonialism have on Asia That Colonialism and imperialism played a significant role in shaping the modern world and particularly Asia is a prudent judgment. Colonialism is a policy in which a country rules other nations and develops trade for its own benefit and the extension of power or authority over others in the interests of domination (2004). The West, which refers to the societies of Europe and their genealogical, colonial, and philosophicalRead MoreEffects of Industrialization and Imperialism Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesWORLD HISTORY RESEARCH PAPER Effects of Industrialization and Imperialism Unit 6: Imperialism World History Honors / Block #6 Due: April 16, 2013 Therefore, one must understand how throughout the times of Imperialism, and Industrial Revolution, aspects such as working conditions, population expansion and colonial enhancement prove why advancements were beneficial to the modern world in the long run. â€Æ' The Industrial Revolution marked a time in history when advancements in technology

Healthcare Delivery For Persons With Mental Illness

Healthcare delivery for persons with mental illness is complex and many barriers exist that prevent patients from receiving quality care such as homelessness, substance abuse, imprisonment, stigma, accessibility, and cost. A review of the history of mental health, an examination of past and future laws, and an assessment of what the barriers to achieving mental health wellness are, will help to improve awareness and promote better treatment solutions for those afflicted by mental illnesses. Important Historical Perspectives of the Topic The history of mental illness is nothing short of horrific, as torture and abuse overshadow it. In prehistoric times, the cure for mental illness was trepanation, which was drilling holes into the afflicted†¦show more content†¦The NIMH also conducted a study involving adequacy and mental health issues. The intent of the centers was to establish a way for patients to receive treatment while working and living at home. Unfortunately, there were no clear policies on how to implement community centers or what these centers should offer before President Kennedy’s assassination occurred. Therefore, the full enactment that Kennedy wished to implement never reached what he had intended. Consequentially, only half of the proposed centers were built and none received full funding. In addition, the money provisions granted were not for long-term treatments. Some states only saw this as an opportunity to close expensive state hospitals and the states never spent the money on com munity-based care. Nevertheless, in 1965, after the adoption of Medicaid, deinstitutionalization dramatically increased (Feldman, 2003). Then, during the Reagan administration, the remaining Community Health Act funding turned into mental health block grants for states instead. Since the enactment of the Community Health Act, the funding for state hospitals has declined by ninety percent. The Community Health Act proved to be a mixed success because while many of the formerly warehoused patients inShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Delivery For Marginalized People And Groups1720 Words   |  7 Pages Step 1: Discuss the ways stigma can influence health care delivery for marginalised people and groups in Australian society? People from the following groups may be stigmatised. Explore this question from one of the following marginalised groups: refugees, Indigenous Australians, mentally ill or homeless people, older adults or the disabled. Step 2: I arrived to Australia as an immigrant. I read ( ) and find out that Australia is one of the most ethnically diverse countryRead MoreA Comprehensive Health Care System858 Words   |  4 PagesThere are various respective roles that health care providers play in the provision of a comprehensive health care system. Hospitals play a key role in the healthcare system due to the systematized medical and certain specialized employees and inpatient amenities. They offer various nursing and medically correlated facilities almost 24 hours in a day and seven hours a week. Nurses are trained to diagnose and treat numerous conditions and can also order and conduct diagnostic tests as well as proceduresRead MoreThe Health Care Industry Has Made Tangible Impacts Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesimpacts in nearly every aspect of the health-care industry. Mental healthcare workers have endured drastic changes in their clinical practice. George H. Northrup a physician in mental he alth, talks about the uprising crisis in mental health care and how it has to do with money. In past years psychologists set fees based on their training and experience, and health insurance companies typically reimbursed patients a portion of that amount. But mental health benefits are now â€Å"managed† patients may be restrictedRead MoreSuccess Is Elusive In The Entrepreneur’S Efforts. Entrepreneurs1412 Words   |  6 Pagesdecrease in the nation healthcare cost, of 5 to 10 percent, due to the integration of medical and behavior services (Melek, Norris, Paulus, 2014). In another report, national expenditures for mental health and substance abuse services provided by all physicians, including psychiatrists and non-psychiatric physicians, is projected to be about $35 billion by 2014 (Levit, et. al., 2014). Furthermore, the report showed that people with chronic medical conditions or comorbid mental health problems wereRead MoreWhat Makes Hospice Such A Unique Area O f Healthcare Service?1025 Words   |  5 Pageshospice such a unique area of healthcare service? Hospice care focuses on support, encouragement and care of the dying person and family, with the goal of facilitating a peaceful, honorable and dignified death. 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The mental health system continues to be a challenging area of healthcare, due to: increased usage of coercion into treatment, diversity in care delivery systems, an unevolved quality measurement mechanism, andRead MoreHealth Care Practices And Its Impact On An Individual s Health Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals can rely on preconceived ideas about others based on how that other person appears or acts. Sometimes these stereotypes and resulting discrimination can extend into other areas of life, such as receiving or delivering health care. Healthcare practices and regard for healthcare employees vary across the different cultures. Patients differ due to various aspects. These differences constitute of patient illness, personality, socioeconomic class or education, however the most endless variationRead MoreMental Health And Substance Use Disorder1340 Words   |  6 PagesSerious mental illness (SMI) impacts a person’s thinking, mood, capability to maintain relationships, and overall ability to maintain normal activities of daily living. Treatment is necessary for all individuals with a serious mental illness. Along with family and friends, the community is impacted when supportive treatment options cannot be obtained by a person with a SMI. The Omaha/Council Bluffs metropolitan area, along with the state of Nebraska, have challenges to overcome to ensure thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Ageism On The Delivery Of Nursing Care For The Older Person1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe aim of this essay is to provide the audience with an understanding of ageism in healthcare by critically analyzing the impact of ageism on the delivery of nursing care for the older person. This essay will be based from the perspective of the impact of a registered nurse’s ageist behaviour on the older patient, the nursing care of the older patient and the impact on colleagues in the health care team. This essay will also discuss theories and relevant principles of ageism, nursing care andRead MoreVulnerable Population and Self Awareness Paper1620 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance Abuse Lesley Pyron University of Phoenix Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper Effective healthcare is dependent on understanding vulnerable individuals and populations with respect to biases and prejudices of healthcare providers. According to de Chesnay (2008), â€Å"Vulnerability is a general concept meaning susceptibility, and its specific connotation in terms of healthcare is at risk for health problems† (p. 3). Anyone can be vulnerable at different times in his or her life under

How to Ride a Skateboard Free Essays

Michael Monroe Mrs. Trear Sophomore English 6 December 2012 How to Ride a Skateboard The process of riding a skateboard is important because there are steps to follow that insure that both learners and pro skateboarders avoid injury. Riding a skateboard can be both fun and dangerous; skateboarders can suffer from serious injury. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Ride a Skateboard or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first step in this process is of course to grab a skateboard or purchase one. Do not buy a skateboard from Wal-Mart; Wal-Mart skateboards are cheaply made. Recommended brands are Element, Birdhouse, Rob Drydek boards, etc. Also a good place to buy skateboards is a local bike shop or the store called Zumiez. Second find a suitable place to ride your board such as a paved street or a local skate park. Third check weather conditions before riding; sunny weather is the best. Starting out by putting one foot in the middle of the board, then use one foot and propel forward. Then put both feet on the board equally spaced apart. Balance by concentrating body weight to the middle of the board. Next to turn the board lean to the† right† or† left,† but do not lean too far. Skateboards are not equipped with brakes so in order to break, use one foot and scrape shoe across the ground. Then when stopped use one foot, kick the front of the board up to grab a hold of it when finished. After learning how to ride a skateboard, one can then learn how to do tricks; such as the Ollie, the kick flip, and the trade flip. An Ollie is the basic trick that one must learn in order to perform any other trick. To perform an Ollie, put one foot close to the front of the diagonally and the other foot on the back of the board diagonally. Then kick the back of the board down while sliding front foot up the front of the board and using one leg to push out when landing.. The board will jump up in the air. The board must land on all four wheels for the trick to be successful. These steps are important to avoid serious injury. Skateboarding can be both fun and dangerous. First buy a skateboard. Then find a suitable place to ride. Next make sure that the weather conditions are optimal. Then put one foot in the middle of the board. Use one foot and propel forward, to turn lean to the right or left. To slowdown or stop, use one foot and scrape shoe across the ground. Skateboarding is an extreme sport that takes balance and physical strength. To perform an Ollie, put one foot close to the front of the board diagonally and the other foot on the back of the board diagonally. Kick the board up in the air while sliding front foot up the front of the board, using one leg push out when up in the air. The board must land on all four wheels for the trick to be successful. How to cite How to Ride a Skateboard, Papers

Manufacturing Materials Dental Amalgam

Question: Discuss about theManufacturing Materialsfor Dental Amalgam. Answer: Description of Dental Amalgam Dental amalgam is a component, used in dental filling. It is a mixture of four metal components; silver, mercury, tin and copper; these kinds of mixture of metals are known as metal alloy. Mercury is the chief component used in preparing dental amalgam, which makes about 50 % of the product and it is used for binding metals together, and thereby providing a strong, durable and hard filling. It is used for filling dental cavities, caused due to tooth decay. Within the alloy, mercury is 50% along with 22-32 % silver, approximately 14 % tin and around 8 % copper (Kopperud et al. 2012). The component has a 150 year proven track record as being one of the safest, least expensive a durable component used for filling a dental cavity. There are a number of alternatives of dental amalgam, but these are expensive enough to be afforded by middle class people. The dentists use amalgam as it is easier to work with amalgams to fill the teeth cavity. There are two main product types of amalgam, kno wn as low and high copper amalgams (Correa et al. 2012). High copper amalgams are used for improving mechanical properties, corrosion, resistance and marginal integrity of the product. The high copper alloy also has 2 types, admixed alloy and single composition alloy. Amalgam is tolerant to a wide range of clinical placement conditions and moderately tolerant to the moisture presence at the time of placement. Mercury can react with other metals to form a plastic mass, packed into a prepared cavity in a tooth. It becomes hard and stronger than any other dental cement. Thus, it is a better choice, compared to the other alternatives. Property Requirements for Application of Dental Amalgam Dental amalgam is used in dental filling, as a permanent filling material. Dental cavity is classified into 6 classes, including Class I to class VI. Based on the type of dental cavity, the amalgam application properties are determined. Dental amalgam is used as a permanent filling material, for class I, where carious lesions is on the occlusal areas or buccal areas or lingua pits on the tooth surface; and class II dental cavities, where carious lesion is on the posterior occlusal and inter-proximal surfaces of the tooth. It can also be applied in class V cavities, where esthetics is not important (Peng et al. 2012). The application properties requirements of the dental amalgam include microleakage, which occurs due to penetration of fluids or debris surrounding the margins, leading to secondary caries. As amalgam has a self-sealing property, it is applied for preventing microleakage. Creep is defined as time dependent plastic deformation under constant stress. ADA specification depicts that best creep should be less than 3 %. In high Cu-amalgam, creep is 04- 1%, whereas, low Cu-amalgam is 0.8- 8% (Park and Zheng 2012). Amalgam is the strongest product in compression and weaker product in shear and tension, thus, the cavity design should be prepared in such a way that can maximize the compression forces and minimize the shear forces or tension. Another property requirement for its application is dimensional change that includes contraction and expansion. Based on the ADA specification, the component should not contract or expand more than 20 u/cm between 5 minutes to 24 hours after, the triturati ng starts. Modern amalgam shows contraction, whereas older amalgams show expansion. Contraction results in micro leakage and secondary caries (Syversen and Kaurv 2012). On the other hand, expansion enhances creep, microleakae, restoration out of cavity and corrosion. The assessment of a wide range of candidate materials is as follows: Type* Ag Sn Cu An Other TL 70.9 25.8 2.4 1.0 ___ TS 72.0 26.0 1.5 0.5 ___ HCS 41.0-61.0 24.0-30.5 13.0-28.3 0-0.5 In 3.4 HCAd 62.0-69.7 15.1-18.6 12.0-22.7 0-0.9 In 10 HCL 43.0 29.0 25.0 0.3 Hg 2.7 *TL = traditional lathe cut; TS = traditional spherical; HCS = high-copper spherical; HCAd = high copper admixed; HCL = high-copper lathe cut; GA = alloy for gallium amalgam. The given table represents the compositions of amalgam alloys according Weight percentage (Bahari et al., 2016). Metal Limits prior to 1986 (conventional alloys) Current limits Silver 65 (min) 40 (min) Tin 29 (max) 32 (max) Copper 6 (max) 30 (max) Zinc 2 (max) 2 (max) Mercury 3 (max) 3 (max) The given table represents the compositional limits of the alloys of dental amalgam as specified in 1SO 1559 (Fuks 2015). Property Required value Dimensional change (%) Compressive strength (MPa) 0.1 to +0.2 at 1 hour 50 (minimum) at 24 hours 300 (minimum) Creep (%) 3.0 (maximum) The given table represents the physical and mechanical properties of dental amalgam as specified in ISO 1559 (lker et al. 2016). Comparison of Narrowed Selection of Candidate Materials The comparison will be made between high copper alloy and low copper alloy. In high copper alloy, for improving the mechanical properties, marginal integrity and resistivity towards corrosion, the addition of high copper is done (Jaber 2014). It contains two kinds of alloy namely single-composition alloy and admixed alloy (Bundy and Gettleman 2013). In single-composition alloy, the addition of only one one power is carried out for mixing it with mercury (lker et al. 2016). On the other hand, in case of admixed alloy, the addition of two powders is carried out with the different contents are blended with mercury (Fuks 2015). The low-copper dental amalgam were utilized in the past and in the present time, they have been completely substituted by the high-copper dental amalgams due to the reason that a number of unique properties has been exhibited by high-copper dental amalgam such as less creep, less corrosion and as well as discolouration, high strength and in addition to all of thes e, a minimum sensitivity to handle the variables which leads to the production of clinical results of a long term (Rathore, Singh and Pant 2012). In comparison to the low-copper dental amalgam, the restorations of high copper amalgam show smaller number of prevalence of marginal failure (lker et al. 2016). It consists 40-60% silver, 13-30% copper, 27-30% tin and only 1% zinc. It also includes palladium and Indium. Expansion is enabled by silver and it also leads to the enhancement in strength as well as resistivity towards corrosion (Jaber 2014). Contraction is enables by tin whereas the improvement of strength is carried out by Copper and in addition it also reduces corrosion as well as tarnishing and minimizes creep (lker et al. 2016). The role of zinc is to minimize the oxidation of additional alloys that are present in the metal (Rathore, Singh and Pant 2012). There is strong evidence that the amalgams that contain zinc possess a longer life in comparison to the amalgams that do not contain zinc. The reduction of creep as well as increase in the strength is carried out by Indium whereas the reduction in the rate of corrosion as well as discolouration is carried out by palladium (lker et al. 2016). Selection of Preferred Material with Explanation High-copper dental amalgam is the mostly preferred because of its number of exceptional characteristics such is it is less corrosive and reduces creep (Black and Hastings 2016). The durability of amalgam restoration is increased is high copper dental amalgam (Fuks 2015). There are different types of high copper amalgams such as: Single-composition spherical- examples: Sybraloy, Tytin and valiant. Single-composition Lathe-cut- examples: Jentalloy and Epoque. Admixture of Lathe cut with Single- Composition Spherical example: Valiant Phd. Admixture of Lathe-cut with spherical silver-copper eutectic particles- examples: contour, original D, Dispersalloy, Indisperse. As compared to the low-copper amalgams, high copper amalgams restoration exhibit lesser occurrence of marginal failure (lker et al. 2016). Higher copper is added in the alloy in order to improve the marginal integrity, mechanical properties and resistance towards oxidization (Bundy and Gettleman 2013). Now days, it is widely because of its unique properties and clinical performance. In several clinical studies, a few of the high-copper dental amalgams having a single composition, exhibit the maximum clinical durability (Bundy and Gettleman 2013). Manufacturing Process Route For preparing dental amalgams, liquid mercury is mixed with powdered alloy, consisting silver and tin. The milling or lathe cutting of cast ingot of the silver-tin alloy is done for getting the powdered alloy. For this, an annealed ingot of silver-tin alloy is put into the milling machine or a lathe and then the product is put in a cutting tool. In this way, the alloy particles are shaped irregularly (Brownawell et al. 2005). However, in an alternative way, through the mechanical or hand condensation, the liquid alloy can be condensed, which can give spherical particles in the alloy. The mixture o spherical and lathe-cut particles are used for amalgam preparation. In the next step, the alloy is mixed with mercury in the process known as trituration. Nowadays, vibratory mixers are used for preparing the unmixed amalgam, in two chambers of tiny capsule. In this capsule, the thin membrane, that separates the alloy power and liquid mercury is destroyed. Then, the capsule is placed in mec hanical mixer arm and then the mixer is vibrated for specific time for thorough mixing of the liquid and the powder. From the capsule, the mixed amalgam, having a plastic consistency is done into the cavity. At the time of trituration process, the surface layer of the silver-tin alloy suspends in the liquid mercury, causing a new phase to be formed (Agarwal et al. 2012). As a result of new solid phase formation, the plastic amalgam paste solidifies. The final product is supplied as bulk product, alloy and mercury in disposal capsule and preweighed alloy in a form of tablet/pellet along with sachet of mercury. Consideration of Environmental Impact While considering the environmental impact of using dental amalgam in dental filling, two aspects should be considered. If the mercury released by the use of amalgams impose risk to the environment and what are those impacts. In dental amalgam, the elemental mercury is being used. Mercury is used in different industrial practices including dental amalgam. Mercury from the dental amalgam ends up in atmosphere, soil, water surfaces and ground water via several routes including emission to soil and air, waste water discharge from dental practices, and cremation of burial of people, who had dental amalgams (Bundy and Gettleman 2013). The wastewater discharged from the dental clinics increases the inorganic mercury concentration in water bodies, which imposes a risk for the aquatic organisms. However, the key concern with mmercury emission in water is associated with the potential of methyl mercury, an organic form of mercury, which gets accumulated in organisms, which is known as biomagn ifications. Methylmercury is taken in a faster rate by the acquatic animals, like fishes, thereby increasing the high risk for the fish-eating animals including humans (Agarwal et al. 2012). The time for conversion to methylmercury is dependent upon the ecosystem. In addition, mercury poising from dental amalgam is also a major concern of using dental amalgams in dentistry. Dental amalgam contains mercury as the main component, which is a potent neurotoxin and it is getting biomoluculated in human body as well as in environment. It has been revealed that dentists are the third highest user of mercury. It cannot be filtered thoroughly from wastewater plants and thus it contaminates fresh water supply and expresses its toxic effects. It has been reviewed that the health of huge number of people has been compromised by the toxic effects of mercury containing dental amalgam. However, it has been claimed by Agarwal et al. (2012) that the mercury from dental amalgam is causing negative dental impact due to inefficient or poor management of the mercury related wastes. Proper collection and disposal mercury containing solid waste can prevent the retention of mercury in wastewate r and release of mercury vapor during combustion. Additionally, amalgam separating devices can be used for reducing the amount of amalgam-contaminated water, which is released from dental clinics. Microstructure of Dental Amalgam The microstructure of commercial dental amalgam is studies by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical metallography and X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. In the mixture of alloy powder and mercury, during trituration, silver-mercury and tin-mercury compounds are prepared. The silver-tin compound is known as gamma phase and the silver-mercury compound is known as gamma one phase, whereas the tin-mercury phase is known as gamma two phase. The set amalgam includes non-reacted gamma particles, that is surrounded by the products including gamma one and gamma two particles (lker et al. 2016). In case of high copper alloys, copper contain is more than 6%. The high copper alloys has better marginal integrity, corrosion resistant and consist of improved mechanical properties, as the weakest gamma two phase is removed from the high copper amalgam alloy mixture. In case of set amalgam, the Cu6Sn5 remains as a halo, which surrounds the Ag-Cu particles and the final set material con sists of two parts, a core, which includes the unreacted gamma phase and unreacted Ag-Cu surrounded by the halo of Cu6Sn5; and a matrix containing the gamma one phase (Fuks 2015).. Summary of Materials and Manufacturing Process The dental amalgam contains the mixture of mercury and alloy mix, containing silver and tin. The strength and effectiveness of the amalgam is dependent upon its composition and the amount of each material in the alloy. The key part in the dental amalgam component is mercury, which consist of 50% weightage of the product (Rathore, Singh and Pant 2012). The product is produced by mixing the allow powder or alloy mix with liquid mercury in specific mixer machine. The high content of copper enhances the strength of the alloy mix. The manufacturing process is done in automated machines, where in two chambers of a capsule is filled with the alloy mix and mercury and the vibration of the machine causes the reaction of mercury with the alloy particles and conversion of the reactant particles into products. Living in room temperature hardens the mixture, giving a solid structure. Reference List Agarwal, B., Singh, S., Bhansali, S. and Agarwal, S., 2012. Waste management in dental office. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 37(3), p.201. Bahari, M., Oskoee, P.A., Oskoee, S.S., Pouralibaba, F. and Ahari, A.M., 2016. Mercury release of amalgams with various silver contents after exposure to bleaching agent.Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects,10(2), p.118. Black, J. and Hastings, G., 2016. d Dental Restoration Materials. InHandbook of Biomaterial Properties(pp. 191-203). Springer New York. Brownawell, A.M., Berent, S., Brent, R.L., Bruckner, J.V., Doull, J., Gershwin, E.M., Hood, R.D., Matanoski, G.M., Rubin, R., Weiss, B. and Karol, M.H., 2005. The potential adverse health effects of dental amalgam. Toxicological reviews, 24(1), pp.1-10. Bundy, K.J. and Gettleman, L., 2013, October. AC Electrochemical Impedance Studies of the Corrosion Behavior of Dental Amalgam. InBiomedical Engineering IV: Recent Developments: Proceeding of the Fourth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference(p. 112). Elsevier. Correa, M.B., Peres, M.A., Peres, K.G., Horta, B.L., Barros, A.D. and Demarco, F.F., 2012. Amalgam or composite resin? Factors influencing the choice of restorative material. Journal of Dentistry, 40(9), pp.703-710. Fuks, A.B., 2015. The Use of Amalgam in Pediatric Dentistry: New Insights and Reappraising the Tradition.Pediatric dentistry,37(2), pp.125-132. Jaber, H.H., 2014. The Effect of Addmixed Ti on Corrosion Resistance of High Copper Dental Amalgam.J. of Babylon University, Engineering Sciences,22(2), pp.413-421. Kopperud, S.E., Tveit, A.B., Gaarden, T., Sandvik, L. and Espelid, I., 2012. Longevity of posterior dental restorations and reasons for failure. European journal of oral sciences, 120(6), pp.539-548. Park, J.D. and Zheng, W., 2012. Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 45(6), pp.344-352. Peng, J.Y., Botelho, M.G. and Matinlinna, J.P., 2012. Silver compounds used in dentistry for caries management: a review. Journal of dentistry, 40(7), pp.531-541. Rathore, M., Singh, A. and Pant, V.A., 2012. The dental amalgam toxicity fear: a myth or actuality.Toxicology international,19(2), p.81. Syversen, T. and Kaur, P., 2012. The toxicology of mercury and its compounds. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 26(4), pp.215-226. lker, M., Malko, S., lker, H.E., Yalin, M. and Malko, M., 2016. Orthodontic bonding to high-copper amalgam with different adhesive cements.Journal of Restorative Dentistry,4(1), p.7.